Church Etiquette
Standing vs. Sitting
The traditional posture for prayer and worship in the Orthodox Church is to stand. In "Orthodox countries" there are usually no pews in the churches. Chairs or benches on the side walls are reserved for those who need them, i.e. the elderly, infirm, "with child", etc. In North America, some Orthodox faithful have introduced pews into their churches thus creating the artificial "need" to figure out when to sit and when to stand. Whether a church has few chairs or many, there are times when one should definitely stand:
- The beginning of the service: "Blessed is the Kingdom..."
- All Litanies - The Entrances: with the Gospel and later, the Chalice
- Gospel Reading
- The Creed, the Lord's Prayer
- The Anaphora beginning with "Let us stand aright" through the Hymn to the Theotokos
- The distribution of Holy Communion, i.e. the Body and Blood of Christ in our midst, through the end of the dismissal
As you can see, this leaves little time for sitting. Whatever parish you are in, when in doubt, stand in prayer - yet remaining sensitive to not drawing attention to oneself, or blocking other's participation in the service.
Lighting Candles
Lighting candles and placing them in the candlestands is an important part of Orthodox worship. We do this as we pray, making an offering to accompany our prayers. This is a good and pious practice. The ideal time to light candles and place them in the candlestands is upon entering the church, after venerating the icons. Yet it has always been so, that some faithful light and place their candles in the candlestands at various times during the service. However, if the Liturgy is already in progress, and the Royal Doors of the iconostasis are open, one should wait until the doors are closed to light and place candles. Especially, the faithful should not be occupied with placing candles in the candlestands during the Epistle, the Gospel or the homily, or when there is liturgical activity taking place in front of the ambo (between the central icon stand and the step up to the Royal Doors), or during the Anaphora (from "Let Us Stand Aright" through the hymn to the Theotokos). This is a matter of observing good church order, and "honoring God who wishes that all should be done decently and in good order." (I Corinthians)
Entering Church (Late)
Since this is entirely inappropriate, without due cause, for a Christian who has come to worship God, the point is mute. The same goes for leaving services early. Experience testifies that coming to Church late is more a matter of "habit" than circumstance: there are those who come late, and those who don't. Some rules of thumb: - Those who arrive late should generally refrain from partaking of the Eucharist that day as "proper preparation" for Holy Communion assumes the ascetical effort of arriving on time service. One should refrain from venerating icons in the front of the church, etc. for the same reasons given under "Lighting Candles."
Crossing One's Legs
In many cultures throughout the world, crossing one's legs is taboo and considered very disrespectful. In North America there are no real taboos against such action, rather, we tend to cross our legs to get comfortable. Should we do so in church? No. Not because it is "wrong" for us ever to cross our legs, but because it is too casual - and too relaxed - for being in the presence of God. When we get settled in our favorite chair at home, we lean back, kick up our legs, and allow our minds to wander. Remember, sitting in church is a concession, not the norm of prayer. We should remain attentive (i.e.: "Let us attend") at all times as a soldier prepared for (spiritual) battle before his commander. Should we sit, we must do so attentively and not too comfortably that our minds not wander off the "one thing necessary."
In and Out
Certainly parents should have ready access to the doors to take small children out if they are distracting or need a short break - for this reason the doors are to be accessible, i.e. let us avoid the temptation to congregate around the back candlestand and door, and challenge ourselves to move forward into the Nave. For times when it is inappropriate, unless necessary, to walk out of the service see "Standing vs. Sitting".
A Word about Lipstick
Wearing lipstick is societal norm in the United States, but it can be problematic when attending church and venerating icons. If one is wearing lipstick to church, blot your lips well before venerating the icons, otherwise those following you are confronted with lipstick imprints on the icons they, too, want to venerate. One should be especially careful when the icons for veneration are not protected by glass, lipstick blots can ruin such icons. Therefore, please be careful. Remember, one wears lipstick for ones own satisfaction, while God is impressed not by lipstick, but by our humble care and love of His Church.
Talking During Church
Besides being disrespectful toward God Who is present, it is distracting for others who are striving to pray. This rule includes all services of the Church, whether it be the Hours read prior to Divine Liturgy, or the priest hearing Confessions after Vespers. It is best to save conversation for the fellowship hall, inviting guests for a visit.
Kiss (don't shake) the Bishop's and Priest's hand
The proper way to greet a bishop or priest is to ask his blessing and kiss his right hand. How do you do this? Approach the bishop or priest with your right hand over your left and say "Father ("Master," in the case of a bishop), bless." This is appropriate and traditional, rather than shaking their hands. When you receive such a blessing it is Christ Himself who offers the blessing through the hand of the priest or bishop. Who of us would not want all of Christ's blessings we can get?
Sunday Dress
There was a time when people put on their "Sunday best" to go to church. By contrast, there is today not an insignificant backlash against such propriety. Many contemporary churches innocently flaunt a "come as you are" pitch as part of their advertising ploy. Though God does not demand us to "dress up" for Him (as though He is in any way impressed by our external appearance), the fact is, as followers of Christ in all areas of our life, we should offer Christ our "best" and not just our "leftovers" (c.f. Cain and Abel). Our dress should always, especially at church, be becoming of a Christian. We dress modestly, not in a flashy way that merely brings attention to ourselves.
Some Guidelines:
- Children: Only young children are allowed to wear shorts to church - but not athletic shorts, cut-offs, or "spandex" (which are not appropriate for adults either). Tennis shoes that "light up" should probably be avoided, especially for altar servers, in that they draw attention away from prayer. "This Bud"s for you!" and other similar T-shirts are a definite out.
- Women: Dresses are certainly most appropriate, and are to be modest (i.e. tank tops, short skirts, and skin-tight dresses serve only one purpose contrary to the aim of being in Church). Headcoverings are encouraged and appropriate. Slacks and pant-suites are an accepted part of our culture, however tight jeans and spandex type wear are never appropriate.
- Men: Men are also to dress modestly as befits a follower of Christ. While coat and tie are by no means mandatory, shirts with collars and clean pants / slacks are not too much to ask. Again, shorts are to be avoided, particularly on Sunday morning.
The above guidelines may be adjusted for services outside of Divine Liturgy, i.e. Vespers. It is better to be in church for prayer, than to not come at all for mere lack of a change of clothes - as may be the case when coming from a Saturday outing, or work-party, etc. Finally, this is not a call for someone to buy a whole new wardrobe just to be a part of the Church! Use your best judgment and good taste when it comes to Church. You don't go to church to be seen by people - you go to present yourself before, and to worship, God.
Making the Sign of the Cross
A person looking around on a Sunday morning may notice that different people cross themselves at different times. To a certain extent, when to cross oneself is a matter of personal piety and not of dogma. However, there are times in the service when crossing oneself (thumb and first two fingers touching each other, third and fourth fingers folded into the palm: touching head first, to stomach, right shoulder to left) is called for:
- Especially appropriate: When venerating an icon, the Gospel or a cross; when entering and exiting the church; when crossing the church in front of the ambo (basically, this counts as crossing before the altar); and when we hear any variation on the "Father, Son and Holy Spirit." Of course, there are other opportunities to cross oneself, especially when commemorating the "Most-holy Theotokos and all the saints," and as stated above, at other moments of personal piety.
- Not appropriate: One should only bow one's head, rather than making the sign of the cross, when receiving a blessing from a bishop or a priest; and when being blessed in the general blessing from the ambo or altar, as in "Peace be unto all." This helps to distinguish saints and holy things from people who are ministers of holy things.
Snacks for Children
Parents often bring little snacks for young children to keep them occupied and quiet in church. This is fine as long as it is discreet and quiet and the parent sees to cleaning up any leftovers. By the time a child is 3-4 years old this will most likely be unnecessary. And by the time a child reaches age 7 they are mostly capable of fasting the entire morning of Holy Communion (or at least cutting back on breakfast). For those children who do require snacks during service, please refrain from feeding them, even a bottle, while in line for Communion, as they ought to come to the Holy Mysteries without food already in their mouths. Chewing gum is never appropriate in church.
On Consuming the Holy Bread (Antidoron) and the Warm Wine and Water (the Warmth) After Communion.
After taking Communion, we then consume the Antidoron and the Warmth at the side table before returning to stand with the other faithful. It is common and courteous practice to drink the warmth first, and then consume the antidoron - otherwise, those following you are confronted with particles floating in the cup. Also, while antidoron is not the Body and Blood of Christ, it is blessed bread, and so, we should be careful to avoid letting crumbs fall on the floor to be trampled underfoot. In this regard, children should be cautioned to likewise partake of the antidoron respectfully.
Attending the Hours
Brothers and sisters, though it is not always possible, we should, in order to honor the services, attempt to arrive at church in time for the Third and Sixth Hours, which begin 20 minutes before Divine Liturgy. The Hours spiritually recount the Creation, and also remind us of the regeneration of our souls that occurs in communion with God. Another aspect of being present for the Hours is that they aid us in establishing a prayerful, humble and worshipful attitude in ourselves. The Hours are, after all, meant as a preparation, and aid us in separating the Liturgy as "something glorious and precious" from our daily activities. Hearing the Hours helps us to to understand more clearly that the Liturgy is important to our salvation, and is to be revered. Finally, attending the Hours is a way of honoring our subdeacon, the choir and the servers, whose dedication is such that, without them, it would be difficult to hold the services. Let us all praise God for His glorious aids to our salvation!
Final Thought
Our American culture of the 21st Century is rather casual, even subtly anarchist, in its approach to life. Dress, music, language, values, morals, and entertainment all reflect a trend to "downgrade" life from what God intended it to be. We mustn't allow this prevailing tendency to enter into our Christian piety, whether at home or at church. Most church etiquette is based on simple common sense and a respect for God and others. We are in church to worship God in Holy Trinity. The priest announces, "In the fear of God, with faith and love, draw near." If we approach our lives and our worship together with this in mind, then we will be people of proper church etiquette.
from:
St. Susanna Orthodox Church
Diocese of the West
Orthodox Church in America